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Historically, whenever the U.S. or other governments have considered space weapon programs in the past they have backed down. Some authors have discussed whether it is possible to identify an inherent norm against the deployment and use of space weapons in the international system. Possible constraints on the development of space weapons include:" );
- Risks of collective bads that would threaten the use of outer space for all parties (i.e. space debris, HAND);
- Fear of igniting a space arms race;
- High monetary cost and low survivability of space weapons compared to conventional means;
- Transparent nature of outer space increases risks of getting caught developing covert space weapon programs.