China has no firm security alliance with any of the major space-faring nations. Cooperation with the European Space Agency on Galileo, providing China access to satellite navigation capabilities independent of the U.S. Global Position System, has posed real concern in the United States. However, though China has invested 200 million euro in the 3 billion euro program, its participation in development and production of the system will be limited. In addition, under pressure from the United States, the European Union has taken precautions to ensure that China will not have access to sensitive technologies or functions. Even Russia, which will work with China on a number of civilian space missions, has been highly ambiguous in its position on granting China access to Russia's space and other military technologies and capabilities during a time of conflict. This makes China more dependent on its own space assets and thus more strategically vulnerable than any of the other major powers and/or space faring nations.

---

Hagt, Eric. "Mutually Assured Vulnerabilities." China Security. Vol. 1, No. 2 (2006): 84-106. [ 6 quotes ] [ page 91 ]