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Mizin, Victor. "Russian Perspectives on Space Security." Collective Security in Space: European Perspectives. Ed. James Clay Moltz. Washington, D.C.: Space Policy Institute, January 2007. [ 6 quotes ]

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Russia Concerned U.S. Space Weapons could be used to Disable their Early Warning Assets
 
Russian military officials are worried that Washington could eventually obtain the capability to launch a surprise attack in which space would be used both for striking Russian targets and blinding its command, control, communications, and reconnaissance networks. Retired Ministry of Defense officials, military officers, and representatives of the former Soviet military industrial complex speak of dire strategic consequences for Russian security if U.S. nationwide missile defenses are fully deployed and predict a new frenzied arms race with general destabilization of the global strategic environment. They do not discount the possibility of a disarming “bolt-from-the-blue” U.S. strike from space as Washington seeks undisputed, unilateral military advantages. Indeed, any type of space-based weapons could, in the Russian view, have disastrous consequences for strategic stability, particularly as they affect the strategic forces and information systems of other side.
Mizin, Victor. "Russian Perspectives on Space Security." Collective Security in Space: European Perspectives. Ed. James Clay Moltz. Washington, D.C.: Space Policy Institute, January 2007. [ 6 quotes ] [ page 92-3 ]
Russia concerned U.S. Pursuing Military Space Strategy
 
The Russian political and military community is currently obsessed with the fear that the United States will finally proceed with massive weapons deployments in space, which Moscow would likely be unable to counter. Experts suggest that any state that militarily dominates outer space might try to control international communications and access to land, sea and air theaters of war. They have no doubts that the United States is presently bent on ensuring its exclusive control of space as one of the most important attributes of its cherished status as the lone global superpower.
Mizin, Victor. "Russian Perspectives on Space Security." Collective Security in Space: European Perspectives. Ed. James Clay Moltz. Washington, D.C.: Space Policy Institute, January 2007. [ 6 quotes ] [ page 92 ]
Russia Interested in Pursuing New Legal Accords with U.S. to Ensure Space Security
 
Russian experts have raised a number of possible solutions in the hopes of steering future space developments in a positive direction. For example, since the U.S. military posture depends more that of any other country on the successful functioning of space-based support systems, some Russian experts (such as former Duma member Alexei Arbatov) believe that it is still possible to convince Washington that it would be better to ensure spacecraft safety (via new accords and international legal restrictions) rather than to deploy ASAT weapons to “protect” these systems. There is no doubt that this issue requires further research and study of the comprehensive space security architecture necessary to ensure the peaceful use of space. For instance, is there a need to differentiate between the deployment of arms during peacetime and during times of crisis? Will such differentiation have a legal basis? Is it legal to develop space weaponry with nuclear warheads to prevent a possible collision of asteroids with Earth? Should weaponry used in such a fashion still be considered as a military use? According to Russian experts, it is very important that a scrupulously developed methodology be employed to these problems. Most likely, Russian policy will need to become more inventive and more insistent if its aims are to be achieved.
Mizin, Victor. "Russian Perspectives on Space Security." Collective Security in Space: European Perspectives. Ed. James Clay Moltz. Washington, D.C.: Space Policy Institute, January 2007. [ 6 quotes ] [ page 99-100 ]
Multiple Intermediate CSBMs should be Considered for Space Security
 
In the meantime, several initial steps should be intensively examined. First, Washington could initiate discussions with Moscow and, possibly, Beijing and the EU, on confidence-building measures for space. This might eventually lead to a “code of conduct” that could include provisions against simulated attacks, the flight-testing and deployment of space weapons, and dangerous maneuvers in space. Second, a multilateral treaty on the immunity of civilian satellites (mentioned above) could be worked out. Third, Russia and the United States could resume their bilateral discussions of 1978-1979 on prohibiting ASAT weapons and then lead a multilateral treaty process. These prohibitions might eventually be extended to other potential space weapons systems (including lasers). And, fourth, an International Space Monitoring Agency (as previously suggested by France) could be created where the leading space powers lend their radars and satellite capabilities for the purpose of improved stability.
Mizin, Victor. "Russian Perspectives on Space Security." Collective Security in Space: European Perspectives. Ed. James Clay Moltz. Washington, D.C.: Space Policy Institute, January 2007. [ 6 quotes ] [ page 101 ]
Russian Officials not Separating U.S. Space Weapon Propaganda from Reality
 
Even though the U.S. is no longer officially viewed as a military archrival or, at least, a major strategic threat, Russia critics see U.S. space policy as an organic element of U.S. strategic efforts that have traditionally been alarming to Russia. Therefore, Russians are watching U.S. military space programs very carefully and sometimes overreact in their efforts to thwart any potentially hostile developments in the strategic domain. They sincerely believe the overly enthusiastic, space-superiority incantations that are floated by U.S. Air Force generals, not grasping the way the U.S. government functions or paying attention to the fact that funding for many of these bold plans is seldom being provided by Congress. For this reason, some Russian experts in both the nongovernmental and governmental communities fall for the rhetoric of professional U.S. space warmongers and industry lobbyists by overreacting to media-fanned stories on U.S. plans to launch “Rods from God” bombardment systems or other Hollywood-styled, space-based kill systems.
Mizin, Victor. "Russian Perspectives on Space Security." Collective Security in Space: European Perspectives. Ed. James Clay Moltz. Washington, D.C.: Space Policy Institute, January 2007. [ 6 quotes ] [ page 93-4 ]
Russian Officials have Suggested Several Space Arms Control Agreements to U.S.
 
Some recently floated ideas might become a workable prelude to larger transparency and confidence-building commitments. One such proposal is the conclusion of a bilateral U.S.- Russian agreement (potentially extendable to a multilateral treaty) on the “immunity” of commercial space assets from attack—a sort of civilian, non-aggression pact applied to non-military spacecraft on the both sides, as an extension of existing U.S.-Russian treaty protections for “national technical means” of verification. The treaty could also encompass non-interference with communications, navigation satellites, weather satellites, GPS satellites and others space assets such as telecommunication and weather satellites. In order to protect these assets, it may become necessary for states to claim zones around these space assets as national territory in order to protect them, even though such a measure would clearly contradict the res communis doctrine of the Outer Space Treaty. In the context of missile defense, if and when it is effectuated, space could be used exclusively for sensors and guidance equipment, but not for the stationing of destructive systems.
Mizin, Victor. "Russian Perspectives on Space Security." Collective Security in Space: European Perspectives. Ed. James Clay Moltz. Washington, D.C.: Space Policy Institute, January 2007. [ 6 quotes ] [ page 100-1 ]